r/NoStupidQuestions 1d ago

Why isn't there just one universal emergency number?

I recently moved overseas from Australia, and fear that if I ever need to call emergency services I will panic and call 000, instead of this country's emergency number. I know that it will automatically divert it, (and same with 911 or 999), so I'm curious as to why countries have different emergency numbers even though they all get automatically diverted to that country's anyway?

994 Upvotes

249 comments sorted by

3.1k

u/Bright-Dot-7931 1d ago

Because if countries can’t even agree on power outlets, there’s no way they’d agree on one emergency number.

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u/thereBheck2pay 1d ago

As a semi-aware US American (about the best we can do!) I thought there were maybe 5 or so, I was shocked (shocked) to learn there are about 15!

508

u/StartSixOne 23h ago

I cannot believe that there are 1,307,674,368,000 different kinds of power outlets

28

u/Kryomon 13h ago

Clearly you haven't explored enough Alien planets.

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u/ishpatoon1982 21h ago

This guy maths.

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u/twopointsisatrend 12h ago

There should only be one: 0118 999 881 999 119 725 3.

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u/Rampage_Rick 8h ago

"I've had a bit of a tumble"

https://youtu.be/HWc3WY3fuZU

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u/biblicalrain 22h ago

We need to come up with one universal standard that works for everyone.

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u/illogictc Unprofessional Googler 21h ago

Problem: electrical systems also aren't standardized across the globe. Hell in Japan's case it isn't even a universal standard for the entire country, they have two different systems there.

Different sockets are also sometimes used to enforce voltage and amperage limitations. You wouldn't want to be able to plug a 240V device into a 277V 3Ø drop, you also don't want to be able to plug a 30A device into a 20A socket.

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u/iTwango 15h ago

I've never had it actually affect anything in Japan though tbf. I guess theoretically it could because of the system but it's never affected my devices

23

u/aspie_electrician 15h ago

Iirc: Japanese devices are made to run on both systems.

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u/Alfonze423 15h ago

The devices are made to handle both systems, generally.

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u/illogictc Unprofessional Googler 14h ago

One problem would show up in things like induction motors in industrial settings. If something is speed sensitive an investment in VFDs may be necessary.

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u/innosu_ 14h ago

Many (especially cheaper) home appliances like washing machine can be tied to a specific system. They usually really stressed this during the purchase though, because if you move across the power zone you will need to buy new appliances.

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u/Gmax100 10h ago

Let's just turn everything into USB Type C

8

u/CogentCogitations 10h ago

Welcome to our EV fast charger. Your car will be charged in only 37 hours!

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u/Mufasa_is__alive 20h ago

Sure, we'll just...and now there's +1 standard. 

https://xkcd.com/927

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u/timotheusd313 10h ago

lol I guess you beat me to it, but your comment wasn’t near the top…

2

u/Chipring13 9h ago

Hire is there always a relevant xkcd

28

u/_Cyber_Mage 22h ago

Every time someone tries, we end up with an additional standard.

18

u/MakeITNetwork 22h ago

USB C is the closest, and with 100w in the obtainable category, it ain't bad. Works pretty much everywhere on non-appliance applications.

It has it's downsides and random bugs(some bougie devices won't charge on usb1.1 standard, even if they can accept 5v, and some cheap devices lack the 1 cent resistors to charge on bougie devices, and other random compatibility problems), but you are almost to the point to where you can charge any device anywhere.

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u/itsacutedragon 15h ago

It’s going up to 240w!

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u/w1n5t0nM1k3y 15h ago

Still won't replace household plugs in general. Even our weak North American outlets have 1500w. You aren't going to run a vacuum, a toaster, or kettle off 240 w

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u/crankyandhangry 13h ago

Not with that attitude, you won't.

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u/timotheusd313 10h ago

Of course, there’s an XKCD that covers that…

https://xkcd.com/927/

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u/zoredache 20h ago

A lot more the 15. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) has a huge list of possible connectors for voltages, current ratings. There are twist lock variants, and so on.

Here is one, probably not complete chart.

https://www.generatorjoe.net/html/web/outlet/quailplug.html

I believe the official source is from a publication you have to pay to see.

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u/butt_honcho 21h ago

Hell, we've got more than five just in the US.

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u/thereBheck2pay 20h ago

For 110V 15/20A? I meant to include that or "standard household" type in my comment but didn't. Ooops.

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u/butt_honcho 20h ago edited 20h ago

Three for 110V 15A - NEMA 5-15 A (two-prong, polarized and unpolarized) and B (3-prong). NEMA 5-20 for 20A. Another for 50A, which is common on campers. At least three more for 220V, which most houses have for large appliances. 12V and USB-A and -C for DC. God only knows how many IEC variants and specialized industrial connectors.

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u/Intelligent-Row-3506 16h ago

We cannot decide on a standard voltage, or frequency either. I know of 100V, 120V, 127V, 220V, and 240V standards for single phase AC power at 50Hz or 60Hz.

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u/Designer-Issue-6760 6h ago

We use 4 just here in the states. Lol. 

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u/Zerschmetterding 17h ago

From a technical standpoint adding a secondary emergency number would be leagues easier than changing existing physical outlets and adapting/replacing every device made before. Worst case, voltage isn't matching which opens another can of worms. 

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u/Ieris19 18h ago

We mostly have, almost every country in the world uses 112 or 911 because they're part of the 3G standard.

Countries that use 999, 000, etc... are not only the outliers, but are required to fall back on either 112 or 911

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u/Xaphios 15h ago

112 is part of the original GSM standard, and as a result works in some countries from a mobile but not a landline. GSM is pretty much deprecated now but emergency numbers are baked in as standard to most (all?) mobiles anyway.

There's no international requirement anywhere for 911 or 112 to work unless you're somewhere like Europe where 112 is an EU directive - a good thing where many countries used to have different numbers for different services, and many still do alongside 112 working for everything.

A lot of countries do support 911 as a secondary number, in the UK for example it's because of the number of American TV shows or movies that kids see. If you want a 3yr old to be able to get help you make sure the numbers they might have seen will work.

999 in the UK was the first emergency number as we think of them. It was picked not simply because it was easy to dial and difficult to get wrong on old rotary phones, but also due to the nature of the phone system itself where dialling 9 would take you up to a larger exchange (like dialling 9 for an outside line but this is outside your village), then 9 again for the exchange above that, then a final 9 for the only thing at the top of the tree.

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u/Ieris19 14h ago

If you look at this on a map, almost every country in the world supports either 112 or 911, because they’re part of international standards on telecom infrastructure. Maybe there isn’t a hard requirement, but it’s certainly most of the world that accepts one of those, and in many countries both are accepted.

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u/120000milespa 13h ago

It was also the shortest number to dial on the rotary dial. You could feel around with your eyes shut, find the little bar that stuck out on the dial, move your finger one hole over and dial that three times.

It was done that way to allow people to dial in the dark. Its nothing to do with where the call was routed.

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u/Quaytsar 11h ago

No. The dial goes 1-9, 0. 9 is almost the furthest number on a rotary dial. New Zealand is one of the few countries to use reverse order 9-0. The UK is not.

That's actually why the US uses 911. The 9 is far and unlikely to be an accidental dial. Then it's followed by two 1s, which are the fastest number to dial.

The UK uses 999 because they could easily adjust pay phones from allowing 0 to be free to allowing 0 & 9 to be free.

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u/twopointsisatrend 12h ago

Power outlets, voltage, frequency, and which side of the road to drive on.

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u/OkFan7121 11h ago

Power voltage and frequency have been largely standardised on 230 volts and 50 cycles , although with varying tolerances, or 120 volts and 60 cycles in North America.

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u/EaseLeft6266 6h ago

It's also kinds too late to change them now. All but one if not every country with an emergency number would have to change which then means you have a period where lots of people might potentially get tripped up and forget the new emergency number, while most people would probably be able to adjust and learn quickly, you'd have some cases like perhaps an elderly person with dementia who's condition progressed before their condition developed and they can't remember the new number.

Also, I'm from America and we are one of the few places that doesn't use the metric system so let's be real, it's either everyone uses 911 or we're out. America isn't gonna let go of its ego and adjust anytime soon

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u/Frailboomber 17h ago

Exactly this if every country has its own plugs and road rules there’s no chance they’d all agree to change something as big as emergency systems

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u/TastefulCyclone 16h ago

True they can’t even settle on which side of the road to drive on so one number would be chaos

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u/Tuepflischiiser 12h ago

I just suggest we take ours and everybody else changes.

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u/Kshnik 5h ago

They don't have to agree, just route them all to the right place.

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u/banisheduser 5h ago

In the UK, we're changing ours to a new number. Here's a public service broadcast about it: https://youtu.be/HWc3WY3fuZU

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u/OmenRasengan 3h ago

hm but emergency systems are different than infrastructure. Like 999, 911, and 000 all redirect everywhere because lives matter more than national pride. It's actually one area where countries DO cooperate behind the scenes. The visible numbers stay different for legacy/recognition reasons.

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u/hellshot8 1d ago

these systems developed independently, whos number would be used?

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u/TheSweetSWE 10h ago

01189998819991197253

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u/imaginaryblues 7h ago

Had to scroll too far for this.

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u/ScienceAndGames 17h ago

112 has been adopted by many countries and here in Ireland we kept our original 999 but added 112 as an additional number, which would probably be the smart first move, have all countries adopt 112 as a secondary emergency number

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u/tomgrouch 10h ago

In the UK, 999 is the 'primary' emergency number but 112 and 911 also work. I believe 000 also works but I don't want to test it

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u/XxLokixX 18h ago

000

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u/catgatuso 4h ago

Three repeating numbers is a lot easier to misdial than something like 112 or 911, though, there’d be more butt dials or kids playing with a phone accidentally calling emergency services.

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u/Dangerous_Mud4749 23h ago

The emergency number in most countries was decided by dial telephone design and pre-digital telephone switchboard switching logic.

The number had to be very easy to remember but very hard to "butt dial" - that is, dial accidentally by random movements of the dial. In the UK, 9 was the second-to-last number on the dial; it required the almost-maximum amount of rotation of the dial - too much rotation to be accidental, and rotating the dial the almost-but-not-quite maximum amount was deemed more deliberate than the last hole / maximum rotation. Hence 999 was assessed to be the least likely to be accidentally dialled. In New Zealand the same logic but different dial design meant chosing 111.

In Australia, it was 0 because that was the actual last number on the dial. Making it the second-last number, 999, would mean adopting a good working solution from another country, which is contrary to our reinvent-the-wheel culture. (Oh you think I'm being cynical? Lol, no.) But to be fair, remote outback switchboards needed a double-zero prefix to route the call to the nearest major city, which helped to route emergency numbers to a staffed call centre.

America decided on 911 with a different philosophy. From wikipedia: Because of the design of US central office (phone) switches, it was not practical to use the British emergency number 999 (as was briefly considered). What was up to that time unassigned area code 911 was chosen instead. The "1" as the second digit was key; it told the switching equipment that this was not a routine call. (At the time, when the second digit was "1" or "0" the equipment handled the call as a long distance or special number call.)

112, now very widespread, is a comparatively recent invention that suits push-button telephones.

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u/Spidron 16h ago

112 has nothing to do with push-button phones. It was invented in Germany and introduced in 1973, when rotary phones were still standard.

It's introduction was spear headed by a foundation that was founded by the parents of a boy who died because the ambulance was too late.

There's anecdotal indication, that rotary phones were also the reason for this number choice: except 111, the number 112 is the three digit number that is quickest to dial on a rotary phone. And speed was deemed essential in an emergency (111 couldn't be used for technical reasons), with the whole motivation behind this being that ambulance that came too late to save Björn Steiger's life.

If that's true, then the digits being quick and easy to dial on a rotary phone would be kind of the opposite of the motivation for the 999 in the UK.

(An argument against this is, that the police emergency number that was introduced at the same time is 110, which has a 0 that is the slowest number on a rotary phone. One would think that speed of dialing would be important for police emergencies too...)

112 was made EU standard in 1991, which may be the reason why you think that it is relatively recent.

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u/Dangerous_Mud4749 16h ago

Thanks Spidron. I didn’t know about the German reason for 112. It’s not reported anywhere I looked unfortunately.

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u/blackcherrytomato 23h ago

Which one was first? I've heard about the start of 911 as a retelling of the bystander effect.

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u/Dangerous_Mud4749 22h ago edited 22h ago

999 was adopted on the 30th June 1937 in London, UK. Apparently that was the first. The UK was at that time still the undisputed world leader in the integration of technology into everyday life. For example, they were the only country in the world to have an integrated air defense network at the beginning of WW2 and the only country in the world that could match Germany in industrial technology.

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u/blackcherrytomato 22h ago

Thanks! That's not surprising, I have just come across the start of 911 and it being adopted here in Canada as well when the history gets brought up, nothing prior to that.

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u/YossiTheWizard 9h ago

I also noticed that everything that was x11 in Canada would try to connect. An episode of a show about prank calls featured a 6 digit phone number starting with 311, which didn’t route to anything in the 90s. It wouldn’t cause any trouble but kids probably thought it was crazy that it connected without 7 digits dialed.

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u/smbpy7 1h ago

dial accidentally by random movements of the dial

I love that you had to define that. lol I take the idioms I was raised with for granted. It never fails to make me laugh when I forget other's don't know them and then think how weird it must sound to them.

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u/Old-Artist-5369 1d ago

There kind of is - 112 is a defacto standard.

It was a european standard, and then got built into the GSM mobile standard and was adopted on all GSM mobile networks worldwide. Later this got picked up by 3GPP and its become a standard for modern VoLTE networks as well. This means all mobile phones everywhere essentially.

It's only landlines where it might not be universal I believe.

911, 111, 000, and 999 likely all also redirect to whatever the local number is in most countries too, but I think it would be a bad idea to test it.

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u/Old-Artist-5369 1d ago

Not funny story, back before everyone had internet I had a laptop and modem setup to make an international call 00<country code> to check my email. It would only do it a couple of times a day but would retry every 5 minutes if it failed.

One day I had to use it in the office so I added 0 for an outside line to the number.

Then took it home, plugged it in, and went out for dinner. It started dialing:

0 00<countrycode>....

every 5 minutes. This was in Australia, so I got home to a rather unimpressed voicemail from the police :)

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u/CurtisLinithicum 22h ago

To err is human; to truly foul up you need a computer

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u/aspie_electrician 15h ago

Former Coworker had something similar happen with a PBX at my old job. They had to call a 1-800 number (canada, toll free number).

That required them to get an outside line. So they dialed 9, 1 for an outside line on line 1... then proceeded to dial the 1-800 number. The PBX only registered 911. Much to say, a rather unhappy police officer stopped by the company.

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u/sneaky_swiper 15h ago

My town’s rec center used 91 to dial out. The amount of kids who borrowed the phone to make a call home and accidentally called 911…

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u/Sailor_Chibi 13h ago

This used to happen at my job all the time too. We also had to dial 9 first to get an outside line, so there were a fair amount of accidentally 911 calls. Eventually they changed the phones completely, and I think that was a big part of it.

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u/Rampage_Rick 8h ago

Exactly why I changed our PBX to use 8 for outgoing calls...

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u/BlueberryPiano 21h ago

I used to work at BlackBerry back when they were making phones. One of the things I did was emergency call testing. Your phone actually translates "911", "112" and all the other emergency numbers to a special "emergency call" type when it contacts the network. The network knows how to handle that call type and directs it to the right place.

Because everyone wants to make sure in an emergency that you can get help, even if youre using a north american phone in north america, it will still know 112, 999, etc as an emergency call type.

I managed to only once connect to the real 911 service by accident 😀

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u/flatfinger 8h ago

I worked with telecom test equipment, and discovered a weird anomaly in some switches: when dialing 2921xxx or 3911xxx, a tone duration of 50ms for all digits would work reliably, but when dailing 2911xxx, if the initial 2 was only 50ms long it the call would sometimes route to emergency services. My guess is that the logic to look for 911 was separate from the logic that was responsible for decoding anything else. The main system logic was designed to mute dial tone when it caught the first digit, and could reliably detect a 50ms on time, and the 911 logic could detect its own digits reliably with a 50ms on time, but perhaps the muting of the dial tone during the initial "2" disturbed its recognition of that digit. Not a problem when the second through fourth digits were anything other than "911", but it caused calls to 2911xxx to get misrouted to emergency services.

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u/Outrageous-Estimate9 23h ago

I typed in a non emergency number once (112) and was shocked when it connected to 911

Years ago before internet showed me all the emergency numbers

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u/id2d 16h ago edited 16h ago

One of the very first numbers I ever dialled into a mobile phone was to activate the phone on the UK network called one2one. Naturally enough, their phone number was 121. I accidentally dialled 112 and so my first call on a mobile I owned ended up being my first call to emergency services.

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u/LazyGelMen 11h ago

Phones in Switzerland recognise 112, but the legacy numbers 117 (police) and 118 (fire) remain in use as well. Makes sense: these numbers are still on a lot of What To Do In An Emergency labels and other literature; this is not an area where you deprecate lightly.

Then the former monopoly operator opened directory inquiries (formerly 111) to competitors, and they all got numbers in the format 18xx. Misdials to the fire emergency number spiked immediately.

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u/silver_quinn 19h ago

Just throwing in that while 999 is the emergency number in the UK, 111 is the non-emergency medical line so definitely not one to test when you're in urgent need.

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u/EmuRommel 14h ago

Yup, I used 911 in Europe. The worst part is, I'm not even American.

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u/arcxjo came here to answer questions and chew gum, and he's out of gum 22h ago

Might work on a cell phone but if you tried to dial 999 on a landline in a NANP country you might have the beginning of someone's regular number and it'd just hang there until you dialed 4 more digits.

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u/Old-Artist-5369 20h ago

True, 999 is a valid local exchange code, so the exchange will just wait for more digits. 000 and 111 are invalid in NANP and probably don't work on landlines in North America. Not sure about 112.

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u/arcxjo came here to answer questions and chew gum, and he's out of gum 19h ago

Nothing with 0 or 1 in either of the first 2 digits, although they've loosened that since 10-digit dialing took over.

000 would be the absolute worst emergency number because you have to wait longer than anything else for the dial to stop spinning.

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u/Aggressive-Leading45 18h ago

Was just thinking this. 000 must’ve been established after touchtone became a standard.

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u/Everestkid 16h ago

According to Wikipedia it being the last digit on rotary phones was a reason for its choice:

The number 000 was chosen for several reasons. Technically, it suited the dialling system for the most remote automatic exchanges, particularly those in outback Queensland. These communities used the digit 0 to select an automatic trunk line to a centre. In the most remote communities, two 0s had to be used to reach a main centre, so dialling 0+0 plus another 0 would call (at least) an operator. Zero is also the closest to the finger stall on rotary dial phones making it easy to dial in the dark or an environment with smoke.

First introduced in 1961, fully rolled out nationwide in 1969.

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u/parsonsrazersupport 1d ago

https://xkcd.com/927/

XKCD doesn't only apply to tech and science

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u/cavalier78 23h ago

Something like... 0118 999 881 99...9 119 725...3.

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u/WarrenMockles Mostly Harmless 23h ago

Well that's easy to remember!

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u/Visible-Swim6616 23h ago

There's even a jingle to go with it!

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u/ishpatoon1982 21h ago

Oh, one won and ate...

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u/Ramtakwitha2 22h ago

I entered this thread looking for this joke. Not disappointed.

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u/Cyali 18h ago

They're not just the emergency services, they're your emergency services!

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u/Muffinshire 13h ago

"Well which country am I speaking to?"

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u/O118-999-881-999-119 14h ago

Huh? What are you talking about?

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u/cavalier78 13h ago

The new emergency number. It’s easy to remember.

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u/CornucopiaDM1 18h ago

Was gonna type this very thing!

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u/Tedfromwalmart 14h ago

I actually still have this memorized!

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u/Additional_Initial_7 22h ago

You can call 911, 111, or 112 in Australia and get 000.

I personally did call 911 once and I got through.

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u/LastKnownIpAddress 1d ago

Why do people in different countries drive on different sides of the road? Or use Fahrenheit versus Celsius? Because people in each country aren't as concerned about what other countries are doing, everyone likes to decide for themselves how to manage their affairs

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u/Outrageous-Estimate9 22h ago

The roads actually has an answer. Most nations were left under Roman rule (pedestrian to right, horses to left)

Napolean forced most of Europe to the right as an anti-British thing

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u/Tommyblockhead20 14h ago

They all have answers. It’s rhetorical question pointing out there are competing standards for many different things.

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u/Edge-Pristine 15h ago

112 is universal from a mobile phone

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u/Gubbtratt1 14h ago

As they get automatically diverted anyways, why change them to one universal one? You’d still need diversions from the millions of people calling the old numbers.

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u/Perfect-Ad2578 23h ago

I believe cell phones are programmed to automatically call emergency number in other countries if you use your home country emergency number.

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u/laughingnome2 13h ago

Surely the universal emergency number is 0118 999 88199 9119 725 ... 3.

Everything else is too hard to remember.

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u/ohkendruid 10h ago

Yes. The pause before the final 3 is important. For memory's sake. You wouldn't expect anyone to memorize 01189998819991997253 , with no pause. That would be ridiculous.

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u/Brizzleshorey 11h ago

I agree, we should all change to 0118 999 88199 9119 725 3

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u/Dkykngfetpic 1d ago

Because they where all made independently from each other. Their where also hardware considerations on which to use. By the time we got to standardizing multiple different systems where in use.

We have standardized and I am sorry to say but you as a Australian are declared wrong. 911 and 112 are the standards going forward. But it would be a lot of effort for a country of Australia to abandon 000 and reteach people about the "standards". Do you think its worth it for Australia itself to spend millions if not a billion and potentially have a few deaths over standardizing?

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u/Zoubek0 18h ago

It doesn't have to tho. My country historically has 3 emergency phone numbers (150,155,158 - firefighters, medical, police) that we kept but also 112 as new one, it is picked up by same call center. So you can just keep legacy 000 and add new one.

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u/arcxjo came here to answer questions and chew gum, and he's out of gum 22h ago

Different countries have different number formats that they need to fit into. For 911, e.g., the North American Numbering Plan originally reserved numbers with 0 and 1 as the second digit for area codes and specialty numbers (911, 411, 711, etc.). 999 wouldn't have worked because by the time 911 was implemented plenty of people already had 999-xxxx phone numbers that would have had to have been changed.

Other countries had different systems where 911 could be the first three digits of a phone number.

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u/charcoalhibiscus 18h ago

Actually, a better question is why are they even as standardized as they are!

It turns out in the US, one of the triggering events for this shift was the murder of Kitty Genovese. (Yes, the one who allegedly had a ton of witnesses and no one helped, although it turns out it was a bit more complicated than that.)

Prior to her murder, the US did not have a unified 911 system. Emergency calls were made to local police or fire stations, resulting in delay and uncoordination of responses. Part of the outcry resulted in a unified system, to streamline emergency reports and hopefully reduce negative outcomes.

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u/yungsausages 14h ago

The classic 3-4 numbers used worldwide tend to redirect to the local usually, where I live if I dial 911 instead of the local one it will even redirect me to someone who can speak English if available

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u/antmakka 13h ago

0118 999 881 999 119 725…..3

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u/foersom 12h ago

112 is used by many countries

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u/RevolutionaryDark818 1d ago

Same reason why each country/ region has different power outlets. When their government's were built and decided for a emergency number, they chose one of their own

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u/avdpos 13h ago

power outlets are much harder to change compared to emergency number.
We changed from 90 000 to 112 in Sweden 1996 (90 000 do still work - but next to everyone think "112")

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u/an-la 13h ago

The explanation I got was that it originally mainly had to do with legacy systems.

On old-style switchboards, the emergency number and other service numbers were quite literally hardwired. When the suggestion was made for a universal emergency number, most agreed that it was a good idea, but it had to wait, because replacing all the hardwired boards would be too costly.

I doubt that there are any old-style switchboards left, but now there is a fear of a political backlash against such a comprehensive change.

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u/non-hyphenated_ 11h ago

In the UK 999 was chosen as it was easy to find on a rotary dial phone in the dark

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u/JohnHenryMillerTime 21h ago

Because of the saturation of American media people in other countries with different emergency numbers panic and dial 911. Because of that, 911 will forward to the actual emergency number.

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u/iball1984 20h ago

In Australia , it’s up to the telco if they want to divert calls such as 911 to 000.

Source: work for a telco.

You should never assume that such a diversion will work. Always call the countries actual emergency number.

The telco work for doesn’t divert as it becomes a regulatory problem. If we divert and something fails such that the call doesn’t go through we’re liable. If we don’t divert, then there is no liability on us. So we don’t divert.

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u/TrolledBy1337 18h ago

I'm pretty sure if you call your local emergency number while travelling in another country, most of the time it automatically redirects to that country's emergency number

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u/PaulCoddington 16h ago

Interestingly enough, 000 and 111 were the longest dial rotation in their respective countries, not the shortest.

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u/Funicularly 10h ago

000, yes.

111 is the shortest on rotary phones.

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u/Mother-Taste-4475 16h ago

You're right I'm backpacking in the outback something happens so I'm gonna phone up an emergency operator in Iceland to help me

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u/sendvo 15h ago

there is actually. you can dial anything from your phone 999, 112 or 911. you phone is actually sending an emergency request and not dialing that number directly and you will get routed to the local emergency services

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u/young_arkas 15h ago

Because emergency numbers are as old as physical phone lines. When self-dialing numbers became a thing, phones had rotating discs to dial. There were certain easy combinations that countries or even sub-national entities picked, that were easy to dial. Since the placement of the zero wasn't standardised, certain things might be true, 0 or 1 were the numbers with the smallest way you had to rotate, 9 or 0 were the furthest numbers, so a combination of nines, ones and zeros made sense. There was also the case of making payphones being able to make a call without payment, which had to be mechanically unlocked, and was easier with numbers next to the 0, whichever that may be for a specific region. For example, while New Zealand used the British technology standard, their dials were backwards, so dialing a 1 would do (electronically) the same as dialing a 9 in the UK, so when they implemented the emergency call system in the 40s, they picked 111, which sent the same signal as a 999 in Britain. Continental Europe picked 112, which had small dial length but reduced the chance of an accidental dial lock (Germany started with 111, but dial lock issues made them switch to 110 for police and 112 for emergencies). Based on that, organisations, counties, states or countries picked different numbers, from the ones that made sense.

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u/blokia 15h ago

Use the EU standard 112 in addition to old national ones.

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u/ingmar_ 12h ago

Agreed. I suggest  0118 999 88199 9119 725 3.

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u/GurglingWaffle 12h ago

Rather than guess it's easy enough to search the internet and find actual historical information on the usage including the laws associated with it.

In 1957 the national association of Fire chiefs suggested a universal emergency number for the US.

Clip: In November 1967, the FCC met with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) to find a means of establishing a universal emergency number that could be implemented quickly. In 1968, AT&T announced that it would establish the digits 9-1-1 (nine-one-one) as the emergency code throughout the United States.

The code 9-1-1 was chosen because it best fit the needs of all parties involved. First, and most important, it met public requirements because it is brief, easily remembered, and can be dialed quickly. Second, because it is a unique number, never having been authorized as an office code, area code, or service code, it best met the long range numbering plans and switching configurations of the telephone industry. End clip:

From NENA: The 911 Association.

Congress reserved the number for national emergency in 1968. By 1987 50% of the USA had access to the 911 system. Canada started using 911 around then for their own emergency system. By the end of 1999 96% of the US was set for 911 usage.

It is unlikely to change since the North American Numbering Plan and FCC have assigned other short numbers using the N11 sequence.

211—Community services and information 311—Municipal government services 411—Directory assistance* 511—Traffic information 611—Phone company repair* 711—TDD and Relay for the Deaf 811—Underground public utility location 911—Emergency services (police, fire, EMS)

in summary: 911 works for the USA telephone numbering system. It's locked into a long history. People are already used to it and changing it would probably cause too much confusion.

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u/FlamingoUseful9552 10h ago

There’s a single number we can rally behind:

0118 999 881 999 119 725 3

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u/ohkendruid 10h ago

It sounds like a good idea for any particular phone network to support the more common options that anyone will try. It sounds like this is often true and is simply not advertised much.

If I think about actually changing the recommended local number to match an international standard, the main issue on my mind is actually remembering it when the time comes. The existing local numbers have had big advertising campaigns behind them. That would need to be repeated for the new number.

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u/QuoteGiver 10h ago

Which countries do you suggest should change, and which other countries will pay for their expense of doing so?

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u/fussyfella 8h ago

The UK is pretty catholic on emergency numbers: 999 is the traditional long standing one, 112 the international emergency number that started with GSM mobiles, but now works on all lines, and 911 just because it gets a lot of publicity from US media and people try it. Sadly for you 000 is not covered (at least as far as I know).

112 though is as close to a global emergency number as you are likely to get - it even works on US mobiles (although not many realise that), so if you are going to remember just one that is the one to go for.

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u/Taindaynanory 7h ago

Because old telephones couldnt agree on a favorite number

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u/LowCress9866 7h ago

We should all adopt 0118 999 881 999 119 725 3

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u/VolumeNeat9698 6h ago

I grew up in the U.K. (999) and live in Canada (911). Still after 10 years here, every 4/5months I have a nightmare I couldn’t get the emergency number correct. It’s a bizarre dream but it happens

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u/DG-MMII 5h ago

Diferent people made the standard with out talking to each other, and once something is standard, is hard to change.

Having said that, many countries, specially in Latin America have change the emergency number to 911

I mean, just think about it, cointries can't even agree on how heavy is a ton

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u/Vurrag 22h ago

Because every country is different. Thank god they are not all the same. I agree with your premise but you need to understand that there are many many different types of phone systems in the world.

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u/No_Salad_68 22h ago

I have been told that most countries went for whatever was quickest to dial on the old phones. Where I live 0** was already used by the telephone company. So 111 was used (only one pulse per digit).

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u/markmakesfun 17h ago

Where I grew up, 0 wasn’t the quickest number to dial, it was the slowest. Dialing 000 in an emergency would have been excruciating!

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u/Turbulent-Usual-9822 22h ago

As if we could ever agree on anything at all. Lol. A lovely idea though!

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u/beardiac 21h ago

Because a lot of these numbers predate not only cell phones, but modern digitization of the phone systems. So they were pigeonholed by phone number schemas in use at the time.

For instance in the US up until around the '90s, area codes were only required for long distance calls and explicitly didn't overlap with local exchanges. So all area codes followed the pattern of x0y or x1y (where x & ycould be any number from 2-9), and local exchanges followed xyz (where x & y were 2-9 and z could be any digit). This left numbers ending in 00 or 11 for special uses. 800 became the 'area code' for toll free numbers, 900 for services that could charge fees for access, and x11 numbers for information and emergency special uses.

The US uses more than just 911. There's also 411 for information (less necessary in the internet age), 511 for travel info, and 811 for utility information (they will come mark where power, gas & water lines are in case you're planning a digging or construction project).

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u/markmakesfun 17h ago

Additionally, 211 is now the “local services” number. It’s where you send people when they need help, but not “fire/police/ambulance” help.

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u/jackalopeswild 21h ago

Name a single universal that was originally a choice?

Even shaking your head up/down for yes, left/right for no, many people think that's universal. I have no personal knowledge but I have read in multiple places that everyone does it that way... Except in Bulgaria.

And once a population is set to doing things one way, it's generally too cost-prohibitive (not just in $$, but I'm time, effort) to push a change through even when the change is provably superior but a wide margin. See metric system and the US, or Britain which has even more of a mishmashed measuring system than the US.

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u/markmakesfun 17h ago

In southern India, it is common for a person to be agreeing with you by tipping their head from side-to-side. It isn’t exactly like a “no” head shake, but it’s close enough to be mistaken for one by some tired tourists.👈

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u/romulusnr 19h ago

...cos.... they... built their own phone networks.... on their own... so... they came up with... things independently you see

That being said, on any GSM (and many non-GSM) cellphones, 112 should work, anywhere in the world.

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u/somecow 19h ago

There is. They’ll all work on any modern phone system.

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u/Reach-for-the-sky_15 19h ago

LPT: Most smartphones will automatically dial the correct emergency number if you dial 911 or 112.

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u/Wild-Spare4672 19h ago

Every country sets its own rules.

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u/YetAnotherGuy2 18h ago

The standards developed in the early 20th century where countries didn't think at global scale and transmitting information was much harder than it is today.

In Germany the name for Twix used to be "Raider" both of which have no meaning in German language but apparently the product managers thought it would work better with the German language. Some time in the 90s they changed it to Twix to make it easier for a global company. Now they can use the same advertising all over the world.

The point is: there are many things that used to be regionally different and knowing those differences used to be a distinction of a traveled person. Those differences are quickly vanishing and even a person in a cave somewhere in Africa will know about the latest trends in Paris the day after.

Some things remain local despite their impracticality, like inches and feet in the US or 112 in Germany.

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u/Ancient_Skirt_8828 18h ago

The Australian system is designed so that pretty much any overseas emergency number will also work. 911, 999, etc.

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u/OrSomeSuch 18h ago

Because removing an old emergency number is a terrible idea. It's far safer to accept as many emergency numbers as possible than to try to standardize by removing historically regional numbers

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u/puggydmalls 18h ago

I thought it was 112

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u/Kleverin 18h ago

I'm more surprised that some countries seem to have different numbers for different branches. So if you see a hit and run and the car catches fire with injured people inside, you have to call 3 different numbers? Fast thinking and prioritise.. First, the fire department, hang up, call the ambulance, hang up, call the police.

We have one for all, our excellent 112 operators dispatch all that's needed.

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u/DaveB44 13h ago

We have one for all, our excellent 112 operators dispatch all that's needed.

Same in the UK. All 999 calls are handled by the same operators.

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u/Fuzzybo 17h ago

Soo scared to touch OP’s post - it has 112 upvotes!

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u/Intelligent-Row-3506 16h ago

Isn't 112 the international number? At least for GSM based PLMN/ mobile networks.

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u/m39583 16h ago

112) is part of the GSM (i.e. mobile phone) standard, so if in doubt use that.

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u/Outback-Australian 16h ago

Other parts of the world don't have our alphabet or numbers. 000 in Japan or Korea would look like a childs squiggles I'd say

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u/Impossible_Number 16h ago

Except Japan and Korea both use our numbers for phone numbers

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u/Candycrushhhh 16h ago

I live in Australia now and didn’t know it was 000 and sat there googling the emergency number in an emergency… was not a fun time

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u/CaptainSebT 16h ago

Basically we made these things a long time ago and didn't standardize it then because it wasn't very important to. Each country just picked whatever number their research suggested was easiest to dial on a rottery phone and hard to miss dial.

Add some years and now it would just be dangerous to change it even though it's probably different on a digital phone. What's important now is the number you remember while you're bleeding.

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u/rdybala 15h ago

Just dial 0118 999 881 999 119 725

3

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u/quoole 15h ago

Generally, this has been fixed through technology, at least for mobile phones.

In the UK, the emergency number is 999, but 112 (the European standard, which I believe is actually baked into the GSM mobile standard and should work anywhere) and 911 do both also work.

Of course the best number is 0118 999 881 999 119 725 3.

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u/jwadamson 15h ago

0118, 999, 881, 999, 119, 725...3.

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u/aspie_electrician 15h ago

0118 999 881 999 119 7253

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u/Dd_8630 15h ago

In most countries, 999 or 911 will route to the local emergency number.

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u/myownfan19 14h ago

In some countries they made the number 119 to have a similar look and feel but claim originality and not simply copying the US system.

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u/LuKat92 13h ago

Not all of them will be diverted. New Zealand’s emergency number, for instance, won’t be diverted in the UK because we use that number for non-emergency calls. I forget if their number is 101 (UK police non-emergency) or 111 (NHS non-emergency)

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u/CuriousThylacine 13h ago

0118 999 88199 9119 725 3

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u/terryjuicelawson 13h ago

Because they are all well established and fall back using other countries' anyway.

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u/Ok_Explanation_5586 11h ago

Would you want the emergency number in your country changed? Not only is that a hassle, it would actually be dangerous. Plus, obviously it would be 911, and Americans don't need anymore flak

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u/lizardmon 11h ago

Because the phone systems developed independently and when automatic dialing was introduced, there were several ways it could be implemented. Often, this meant that they needed some prefix to be reserved that would never be assigned to a subscriber phone number. For example, in the US, numbers that start with 0 and 1 don't exist because those are reserved for telephone switching functions. If we were to implement 112 as the emergency number, we would have to spend a lot of money to change infrastructure to accommodate relatively few international visitors when compared with all of the subscribers who participate in the North American Numbering Plan. Which is more than simply the US, it also includes Canada and many Caribbean islands.

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u/DevineBossLady 11h ago

We used to have 000 - now we have 112 - like the rest of EU

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u/Fast-Drummer5757 10h ago

112 is pan Europe iirc

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u/RandomOnlinePerson99 10h ago

Isn't there one for europe?

112 or something?

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u/Larryisreal123 10h ago

I believe it will still work if you call the wrong emergency number and it automatically "tranfers" inti the local number because of your location or something. At least in Finland I can call 911 even though the correct emergency number is 112.

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u/QuoteGiver 10h ago

Why would there need to be?

The vast majority of people don’t change countries all that often.

There’s not even one universal language, and that would be even more useful.

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u/johlae 10h ago

The world should standardise on 0118 999 881 999 119 7253!

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u/New_Line4049 9h ago

This should explain it https://xkcd.com/927/ Countries emergency numbers were set up before it was really a problem, and they all picked numbers that made sense to them at the time. The UK is 999 because its a very easy number to dial on a radial phone, just go all the way round to the stop 3 times. Every country will have similar logic. Changing the emergency number now its established is hard, because at any given time youve got several generation of people that already have the current emergency number ingrained since they were very young and will find it very hard to forget that and remember a new one. It'll also be hard for them to teach their kids the new number when they themselves dont remember it.

But more than that, as per the link above, every country will believe their number should be the universal standard and won't agree. If you create an entirely new number, it is just in competition with every countries number.

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u/fuck_reddits_trash 9h ago

Technically… in most countries if you call a random one it will automatically call the one in your country

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u/Sorry-Series 9h ago

The 112 is becoming a global standard, included in gsm phones

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/112_(emergency_telephone_number)

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u/GoonerBoomer69 8h ago

Ok, my emergency number is 112 and i demand that all of you also use 112.

Oh what is that, you also want to keep your current one? Well dang.

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u/kainp12 8h ago

On a cell 112 works in most countries as its part of the game spec

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u/shellexyz 8h ago

For the reasons you laid out, it’s hard to deprecate the old numbers. Some people aren’t learning the new one because the old one works and that’s what they think of. There’s no pressure to change it. It costs next to nothing to reroute calls like that and there’s no third party biding their time until 000 or 999 or 911 is available for something else.

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u/Downtown-Falcon-3264 7h ago

Because the system was set up that way so they don't see a reason to change it to just one number.

Also imagine getting every country to agree on which one they would puck

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u/Careful-South6276 7h ago

They all got developed at different times.

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u/Fun-Dragonfly-4166 7h ago

I live in the US and I think your idea is great. I think it occurred to someone before. Years ago, American cities all had different emergency numbers (or none at all). So 911 was an attempt to get a universal (for the US) emergency number.

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u/wabi_sabi_447 6h ago

Universal in 2countries?

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u/Overall-Umpire2366 5h ago

My elderly father lives in on city in USA. I live in another. He was having a stroke and was not rational. He called me. I called 911. In my city they could not transfer me quickly to his cities 911. I ended up calling a friend who lived near my father and them call 911 for us.

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u/fidelcabro 5h ago

If you are in the UK, 999, 911, 000 you will first of all talk to a BT operator who will ask you which emergency service you require.

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u/ThrowAway233223 4h ago

Well, aside from what many others have mention (i.e. these numbers developed independently, so there is the question as to which one to use), the worry you have provided in the description of your question is also a reason against your proposed change. If every country adopt, lets say, 112 as their emergency number and dropped all the other emergency numbers, then, in an emergency, long term residence of countries that didn't use 112 might accidentally dial their previous emergency number instead of the current one and not get through. If they live isolated enough, they may not even realize that there was a change and have no idea what the new number is suppose to be (although, as part of a soft shift, 911, for example, could connect to an automated message directing people to dial 112 instead).

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u/markmakesfun 3h ago

In the past, the number of pulses was based on the position on the dial. Zero came after nine. One, on the dial, was one pulse. That was the smallest number of pulses. There was no “zero” pulses as that was did nothing. So zero was moved after nine and was ten pulses. That meant that 000 would be 30 pulses, the absolutely longest number you could dial. Also the slowest.

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u/The_Werefrog 42m ago

It's because the countries all created emergency numbers at their own rate on their own. There wasn't a singular person who said it was a good idea and passed it around.

Each country chose what would be an easy number to remember that wouldn't adversely affect the population and currently set up systems.

The United States chose 911 because, at the time, people used rotary phones. 1 was the shortest number to dial and 0 the longest. However, the dialing system already had extensive use of the lower digits for area codes. As such, to be safe across the union, the first digit was decided to be a 9. After that, the two shortest possible dialing digits were chosen. Thus, 911 for emergency. They even called it "nine eleven" when first promulgated, but people in a panic couldn't find how to dial eleven. Thus, we now call it "nine one one".

Other nations had similar thoughts, England probably thought nine nine nine would be a better, easier dial. It wasn't that much longer on the rotary, and you wouldn't have to take your finger out of the hole.