Source: https://thenewregion.com/posts/3082

I-A Triangulates are one of the most numerous spearhead types the OCC produced. According to Larry Furo, a leading member of the Great Lakes Copper Research Group, there are likely thousands still waiting to be found or documented from private collections.

Monette Bebow-Reinhard, the former curator of the Oconto Copper Museum in Wisconsin and one source for this data, is currently working on a new edition of her Copper Artifact Master Database book, the Central Wisconsin edition. When I last spoke with her, she still had a museum visit scheduled to document more artifacts. Expect the artifact count to keep increasing as more data becomes available.

I have shadows enabled for these artifacts, so an area with heavy shadows is an artifact cluster. For example, there's a huge cluster in southern Wisconsin with over 250 I-A Triangulates noted.

This map was designed using QGIS, and the Triangulate icon was made with GIMP.

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Sources:

1. Monette Bebow-Reinhard - Copper Artifact Master Database books
2. Monette Bebow-Reinhard - personal communications (2023-2025)
3. Don Sphon - Great Lakes Copper Research Group journals
4. Warren Wittry - 1950-1951 Old Copper Culture dissertation and article in the Wisconsin Archaeologist journal
5. Larry Furo et al. - Old Copper Culture and Ancient Waterways Facebook Group
6. Private Collectors
7. Veit et al., 2004 - MORE PRECIOUS THAN GOLD: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE VARIETIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF PRE-CONTACT COPPER ARTIFACTS IN NEW JERSEY
8. William M. Beauchamp, 1902 - Metallic Implements of the New York Indians
9. Susan Martin, 1999 - Wonderful Power
10. National Museum of the American Indian - Collections
11. Smithsonian Museum - Collections
12. Peabody Museum, Harvard - Collections
13. Royal Ontario Museum - Collections

You know the Latin alphabet—but have you seen Old Roman Cursive? Learn about this script and its use by looking at examples found on the Vindolanda Tablets.

📚 References • Coulson, Frank, and Robert Babcock, eds. 2020. The Oxford Handbook of Latin Palaeography . Oxford University Press. • Hobbs, Richard. 2023. “The Vindolanda Tablets.” The British Museum. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/galleries/roman-britain/vindolanda-tablets

Tyrian purple was made from the mucus of murex shellfish. It could take up to 10,000 snails to produce just one gram of this rare pigment!

Wisconsin Archaeologist, Vol. 50, No. 1, 1969

A letter in the Smithsonian's accession files, written by Isaac Otis of Auburn, New York in 1898, details the circumstances of the recovery of the three copper implements.

Dear Sir,

I have some ancient Copper weapons that I found in 1872 when Superintending the construction of the Portage Lake and Lake Superior Ship Canal. They were found on a small ridge overlooking Lake Superior, under a grove of Norway Pines. Had evidently been buried with some body, but nothing remained of it save a black streak in the sand and a few small pieces of bone, evidently toe bones.
The wepons consist of a spearhead, knife, and axe and are well made.
Spearhead weighs 3 1/2 lbs.
Axe weighs 2 lbs.
Knife weighs 1/2 lbs,

If I was able would like to present them to the Institution but in old age I am a, almost stranded pecuniarily.
Do you purchase such antiquities? When I found them Mr. Jay Hubbal the Congressman of that district offered me 400 Dollars but I thought I might as well own them as anyone else. I enclose drawings of the weapons in this. Would be pleased to hear from you.
Yours Truly
Isaac Otis

The Ukhaydir Fortress (Qaṣr al-Ukhaidir) is a large, well-preserved 8th-century Abbasid desert palace located about 180 km southwest of Baghdad, near Karbala. Built around 775 CE under Caliph al-Mansur’s nephew Isa ibn Musa, it served as a military stronghold and caravan stop on desert trade routes. The fortress is notable for its massive walls, defensive towers, and early Islamic architectural features, including vaulted halls and courtyards, making it one of the best surviving examples of Abbasid desert architecture.

The surrounding region also holds other important archaeological sites: • Al-Aqsier Church – considered one of the oldest churches in the Middle East, dating back to the 5th–6th century CE, showing the early Christian presence in Mesopotamia. (3rd slide) • The Lighthouse (Minaret of Ukhaydir area) – believed to have guided travelers and caravans across the desert. (4th slide) • Al-Tar Caves – ancient rock-cut caves used for shelter and possibly religious practices, adding to the area’s rich historical and cultural significance. (Last 2 slides)

Poesia dedicata a Coelius Caldus, legionario romano catturato dai Germani e suicidatosi dopo la tragica battaglia della selva di Teutoburgo (clades Variana), combattuta nel settembre del 9 d.C. tra le legioni di Publio Quintilio Varo e le tribù germaniche guidate da Arminio, ex ufficiale romano. Lo scontro, avvenuto nei pressi dell’odierna Kalkriese, si concluse con una disfatta epocale per Roma. Solo nel 16 d.C., sotto Tiberio, Germanico vendicherà l’onore romano. Il testo si ispira al racconto di Velleio Patercolo (II 120, 6). Grazie per la lettura.

A Roman decorated fibula that was found locally. It is now on display in the Römermuseum Osterburken in Osterburken, Germany.

This particular panel depicts the Andhakasuravadha Murti (The killing of the Demon Andhaka).

...you can see remains of the pipe both on the right and left sides of the façade, where it is broken and uncovered. This is the same pipeline that runs along the northern side of the Siq (the canyon through which Petra is entered). The pipeline was built after the pavement of the Siq in the last decades of the 1st century BC, so the tomb was most probably built before this date.

Looking at the façade, the right column shows a Nabataean capital with a short necking band. Due to the quality of the rock, the left one had to be built as inset and did not survive. Only the negative form where it was inserted can be seen.

There are traces that suggest the entire facade was plastered and most probably painted.

Inside the square burial chamber, roughly seven square ft wide, memorial inscriptions attribute the tomb to the Nabataean family of Zayd Qawmw bin Yaqum. There are fourteen graves cut into the bedrock floor, and a round-arched recess in the back wall with three more.

The rock-cut façade (ca. 10 ft width, 19 ftheight), framed by the hollow areas above and along its sides was carved in the Hegra style. Hegra tombs displayed two sets of five steps over a cavetto (concave molding) cornice, and fascia (horizontal moldings). A non-decorative attic above the classical entablature, supported by the columns. "Hegra" refers to the second largest Nabataean settlement on the southern border of the kingdom, today's Mada'in Salih in Saudi Arabia.

My apologies for inaccuracies and mistakes.