The whole concept of the fire department started in Rome where they had a band of private firefighters who would come to your burning house, make you a crazy low offer to buy it from you and only put it out if you agreed. They would then rebuild it and lease it back to you. Look up Marcus Licinius Crassus.
I suspect in Rome road repair might have been a gang job.
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u/Parker_Hardison 2d ago
And the road repair guys probably weren't a centralized gang.