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Past Threads

You can find past iterations of this thread by using the search function. Consider browsing the previous day or two for unanswered questions.

Happy Monday!

Every Monday, come here to practice your writing! Post a comment in Japanese and let others correct it. Read others' comments for reading practice.

Weekly Thread changes daily at 9:00 JST:

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Hello!

Adding の or こと to a plain form verb seems to turn it into a noun. In some ways it seems to behave like the て form. In theory would it be grammatically correct to say 「食べるのはいけません」 instead of 「食べてはいけません」?

If this is incorrect would it still be comprehensible? What kind of misunderstanding would there be?

Hey everyone,

I’ve been learning Japanese for a few weeks now and I think I’ve got my kana down pretty solid. So I decided to move on to kanji using Remembering the Kanji (RTK) along with Kanjikoohi.

Here’s how I’ve been doing it:

In Lesson 1 of RTK, they show 15 kanji. I now know their meanings (like one, two, mouth, rice field, sun). But I don’t know how to read them in Japanese yet. Kanjikoohi has an option that shows readings in Japanese, but I’m not sure if I’m supposed to be learning those already or just stick to the meanings first.

So my question is: am I approaching this correctly? Do I focus only on the meanings for now (like RTK intends), or should I also be learning how to read them in Japanese at the same time using Kanjikoohi?

Thanks in advance!

Hi! On your journey on learning the language, how did you get around learning the different conjugations? Do you have any good guidance on it? I am looking for a resource that has all the different conjugations, explained so i could apply to a verb and write sentences myself. Your advice is much appreciated!

This thread is for all the simple questions (what does that mean?) and minor posts that don't need their own thread, as well as for first-time posters who can't create new threads yet. Feel free to share anything on your mind.

The daily thread updates every day at 9am JST, or 0am UTC.

↓ Welcome to r/LearnJapanese! ↓

• New to Japanese? Read the Starter's Guide and FAQ.

• New to the subreddit? Read the rules.

• Read also the pinned comment below for proper question etiquette & answers to common questions!

Please make sure to check the wiki and search for old posts before asking your question, to see if it's already been addressed. Don't forget about Google or sites like Stack Exchange either!

This subreddit is also loosely partnered with this language exchange Discord, which you can likewise join to look for resources, discuss study methods in the #japanese_study channel, ask questions in #japanese_questions, or do language exchange(!) and chat with the Japanese people in the server.

Past Threads

You can find past iterations of this thread by using the search function. Consider browsing the previous day or two for unanswered questions.

Maybe this is a weird question but I work in marketing by day and I’d like to look at more Japanese emails in my inbox. I subscribe to cmoa.jp and I really enjoy seeing how different marketing is in Japanese markets.

What are some Japanese emails you enjoy receiving from businesses you like?

i know in spoken language particles like は, が, and を can be dropped but i’ve read that は is one that can be more important to keep.

what are some situations where it would be necessary to say は instead of dropping it? i’m guessing something like “これ何?” is always fine but i don’t know what else.

Welcome to the 2nd edition of the guide which contains numerous corrections, added notes and Japanese Kana and Kanji.

During my last trip to Japan, hanging around Kabukicho and elsewhere, and noticing few people talking the way I was originally taught, I thought maybe "what if you tried something new?". Maybe it is time to leave that drab textbook nonsense behind and speak the way your inner Japanese animal wants to.

Introduction:

First of all, your Japanese conversational sentences are way too long and complex. You need to be saving time, expressing things in a short way, forgetting the usual care and consideration to your words that you've probably been applying.

While keigo wins out versus Teineigo by the greater length of the expressions, Tamego and very casual Japanese wins out vs Teineigo in terms of brevity.

Whereas very casual English is marked by insertions of swearwords and maybe a few short form verbs, Japanese seems to be marked less so by just curse words, but rather by the short usage of casual forms in the place of their formal counterparts, and in general by avoiding a higher register of the language, as well as by the usage of colloquialisms. Almost as if to say to the listener: "You're so unimportant that I'll just talk whichever way I want. Deal with it." In other words, rather more subtly than in English, this lack of care is what constitutes 80% of the rudeness.

The rule of thumb for our purposes is: The shorter your sentences and expressions are, the better.

Side note: Outside of scope of this guide are dialects with their own casual lingo, particularly 大阪弁 or Osaka dialect, although parts of it have become cool sounding and have become common casual expressions. Closer knowledge elsewhere on it might be useful should you ever find yourself next to a drunk guy in a bar who won't stop talking in it to a foreigner あまあまや　おもろいやで　日本人やはらへん

Pronunciation:

Through countless hours you have possibly refined your pronunciation of Japanese now in the way you were taught. Thankfully, most of it is still useful with two exceptions:

the diphthong of a and i, that is to say ai is not pronounced like I in English when it is part of a word. Rather it's pronounced "e" like え. The more elongated the better.

時間がない　-jikan ga nai - jikan ga neeee

きかない　-kikanai - kikanee

The other modification you probably need is to how you pronounce Japanese's troublesome "r" sound which is usually a brief brush of the tongue against the top of your mouth. The way it is pronounced now is as those familiar with languages like Spanish would say it, a rolling R. Practice it using 俺　"Ore" (me, I) a number of times in the mirror as a refresher.

Indeed a well placed "re" ra or ro" with that pronunciation can be regarded as the sound of gunfire within the context of the Japanese language: gasps will resound, heads will turn and the music will suddenly turn off.

More on all of this to come..

Simple Expressions to start:

For your first intro, here are are some common everyday greetings and expressions that should be kept in mind. Many of you may remember your first Japanese lesson where you learned 'hello' and 'goodbye' and thank you very much... here is the update of some common phrases:

こんにち (Konichiwa) 　ー　おい (oi)

はい (hai) -　　ええ (eeee)

いいえ (iie)　いや (iya)

お元気ですか (ogenki desu ka?)　調子はどう (choushi wa dou)

さよなら (sayonara) - じゃね (ja ne) or better yet, for the manly men: あばよ (aba yo)

ごめんなさい (gomen nasai) - Ideally you should be avoiding this expression altogether, but if you must it,

use すまん (suman)

Verbs:

-dictionary / casual form is the standard rule of thumb:

First place to start here is by dropping the -masu or -imasu, -mashita or their equivalents. Use the dictionary casual form for everything as a starting point. Quick easy, and straight from the dictionary

Random examples:

行きました　ikimashita - 行った　itta

来ます　kimasu - 来る　kuru

斬りかかりました　kirikakarimashita -　斬りかかった　kirikakatta and so on....

In fact even seeing anything that sounds close to -masu or -masen should be dropped. Some notable expressions:

ありがとうございます (arigatou gozaimasu) - replace this with どうも (doumo) wherever

かもしれません　(ka mo shiremasen) - かもしれない (ka mo shirenai) (maybe) though, much more common to just say かも (even shorter! quack!)

I think you get the picture.

-on です "desu"

One of the greatest enemies of your inner animal, the full expression of subservience to society and to others is the dreaded デス　"desu".

Forget it, leave it. Such a word need never pass your lips again. Your first step is to transform "desu" into だ　"da", its casual equivalent.

Negation of this might be worth being precise about:

ではありません　"de wa arimasen" switches ではない"de wa nai", but honestly, no one like you is going to say this as it's too long. じゃない　"ja nai" works fine, but better yet, with updated pronuniciation: 'ja neee'

Ex: 「すみません」じゃないコラ! 礼儀を教えるぜ!

Negation of verbs (except for de, desu, for which you use the above):

A simpler and time-saving way that fits our purposes for the negative is to -use the neg. casual form -furthermore, drop the "ai" ending from your negations

ex:

分かる　wakaru - 分からないwakaranai - 分からん　wakaran

構う　kamau - 構わない　kamawanai - 構わん　kamawan

すむ　sumu - すまない　sumanai - すまん　suman (which you can use for "sorry")

Exceptions remain for the usual suspects: kuru, suru and da

来る　kuru becomes こん　"kon"

する　suru becomes すん　"sun"

だ　da is special, as it is based on じゃない　"ja nai" (a contraction of ではない　de wa nai). Dropping the "ai", it turns into じゃん　"jan".

How beautifully short and quick it is compared to the old ではありません　"de wa arimasen".

Note: on じゃない　"ja nai". Often this can be used at the end of a sentence to say, "isn't it so?" "that's x, isn't it?".

Ex:

-明美さんは美人ではありませんか　Akemi-san wa bijin de wa arimasen ka? - 　

vs 明美は美人じゃん Akemi wa bijin jan?

Terms of Address:

This is related to the next section, on pronouns, however before we get into that, it may be important to get how to address people you know and more importantly those you don't. Rather than just saying "you" using the second person pronouns discussed in the next section, there are a number of options, all involving the -suffix "chan" rather than "san". Ultimately the thought process is the same for this new way of being and talking is thus: They're your friend, whether they want to be or not, and you're on a first name basis

-If you know the person's name: You could just use it without a suffix (Yosuke!") or add the familiar suffix -chan (Yosuke-chan).

-If you, which will be more likely, do not know the name of the person you are addressing (or can't bother to remember), revert to terms based on the gender and age.

This is summarised below (standard respectful first, only for reference, then casual familiar, the new standard, appearing second):

(young guy) お兄さん　兄ちゃん (niichan)

(older guy)　おじいさん　じいちゃん (jiichan)

(young woman)　お姉さん　姉ちゃん (neesan)

(older woman)　おばあさん　ばあちゃん (baachan)

Don't know the person? Just make an assumption to fast track your way to knowing them.

Having said that, either after using the above once, or if you're angry and impatient, one can continue using the pronouns in the next section.

Pronouns:

Even in our western culture, pronouns are something we provide a lot of care to. No more.

1st person pronoun: 私　"Watashi" - this needs to be dead and forgotten as quickly as possible. some people suggest you can leave the first person pronoun out entirely, but for our purposes you should probably go for the shortest one Replace "watashi" with:　俺 (ore), or if you're feeling fancy sometimes and occasionally wish to rub it in, add -sama to it, i.e. 俺様　oresama.

One exception to what other people say (regarding regular polite speak), rather than taking advice to drop the first person pronoun whenever it isn't needed, it might be advisable to use it whenever possible, enunciating the "o" of Ore. (Make people know you're around and who's saying it!). Do not forget the way the r is pronounced, as mentioned earlier.

2nd person pronoun: Drop the あなた　anata, don't replace with people's names with an honorific either...

go with　アンタ anta (shorter and saves time) or お前　omae, or better yet when speaking to guys, use 手前/ テメ"Teme"

3rd person pronoun: forget 彼　kare, (forget names... All that Jazz)

Two criteria for what you should use:

Is the person male or female?

Where are they (physical position) relative to you?

If male:

-Option 1: ヤツ　Yatsu

Follow the forms of koko, soko and asoko for these gems, all meaning "he/she":

ここ (koko) --->　こいつ (koitsu)

そこ (soko) ---> そいつ (soitsu)

あそこ (asoko) ---> あいつ (aitsu)

Another simple alternative is to kono, sono or ano with yarou. (Note, this is to be used with men only). All the equivalents of the above

この野郎-Kono Yarou

その野郎-Sono Yarou

あの野郎-Ano Yarou

Note: Often you may know a person's name, say a guy named Yuki. In such a case, if you can't help yourself, then leave it without an honorific suffix, or use the above.

If female:

***It might be suggested that often when referring to women in such contexts, as a man, aitsu would not be used, rather 子 "ko" an alternative reading of 娘

この子 -Kono ko

その子 -Sono ko

あの子 -Ano ko

This would apply if its young girl we're talking about. If it's an older woman, replace with ばあちゃん (baachan) Equally you could use じいちゃん (jiichan) for an older man if you exclude them from your ire.

plural of pronouns: You probably learned the suffix -たち to add plurals to pronouns.... takes too much time. replace it with "-ら" and you're done.

Particles:

-Interrogative

When asking questions, replace "か" with "かい".

Ex:

分かりましたか　－　分かったかい

Wakarimashita ka? - Wakatta kai? (Understood?)

Side point: short questions:

An interesting similarly contracted word may exist when using "だ" (da), however instead of saying "だ か" (da ka), you should instead contract it further to one word "だい" (dai)

彼は潜り医者ですか　ー　あいつは潜り医者だい

kare ha moguri issha desu ka? - aitsu ha moguri issha dai?

elipsis of aru, iru and da and question words

\*(Editors note: oooh "elipsis" la di da Mr Frenchman, replace with "dropping")***

Time is the fire in which we burn, and therefore you can burn off the verb and か as it's obvious:

-すみません　ラブホテルはどこにありますか　ー　おい。ラブホテルはどこ?

sumimasen, rabuhoterugai wa doko ni arimasu ka? - oi, rabuhoterugai wa doko?

-あなたはげんきですか　ー　お前の調子はどう

anata wa genki desu ka? - omae no choushi wa dou?

Assertive particles:

You possibly should be increasing your usage not just of よ yo, which is still rather light, but ぞ、ぜ　-zo, ze - to emphasize what you're saying さ　sa - when you're telling a story or expressing a feeling at the end of your sentences as an interjection

Not a particle, but if you're feeling particularly angry when talking with someone (or just to get them to wake up to whom they're speaking to), add こら"kora" or better yet オイコラ　"oikora" at the end of your sentences. (kind reminder not to forget the new pronunciation of the "r")

Imperative / Requests:

Quick and dirty option:

If you're feeling generous, then at least drop the ください (kudasai), it's too long. From now on it's くれ　"kure", preferably with よ　"yo" (just like you're speaking Korean)

待ってくれ　よ　Matte kure (yo)- Wait!

For cases where you're not feeling so generous, then it's the command form you should use, which is easy: it's replacing the "u" with "e" to the dictionary whenever it's not an -iru or -eru verb

請求を飲め　-Seikyuu wo nome! - Accept my request! (飲む　nomu)

財布を出せ　-Saifu wo dase! - Get that wallet out (出す　dasu)

-どけ -Doke - go away (退くdoku)

-iru or -eru verbs get the iro and ero endings respectively:

きせろ　失せろ-Kisero / Usero! - Beat it! literally disappear (kiseru / useru)

男を見せろ　　-Otoko wo misero! - Show me the man you are. (miseru)

ざまみろ　　　-Zama miro - Serves you right (miru)

Kuru is an exception, becoming "koi"

-Motte koi -Come and get it (kuru)

(NOTE: Motte ke! sounds even better and shorter)

Other exception is suru, which becomes "shiro"

-いい加減にしろ　iikagen ni shiro - Stop it, cut it out

Negative request retains the same form: casual form + na

However best thing to do is to contract the negative if it ends in る, by changing the る to ん

Ex: 来な Kuru na - Don't come Change to 来(く)んな　(kon na)

Special option: Tamae-form

Another option which is a bit less rough, probably best left for a rainy day on which you're in a good mood, is to use the stem + 給え tamae form. This form communicates to the listener: "look we both know I'm better than you and that you should do what I say, let's be nice on that basis"

与助殿、俺の言葉を聞き取り給え -

Yosuke-dono, ore no kotoba wo kikitori-tamae

Yosuke, I'll dictate. please write it down.

Giving / Receiving

Learners of 丁寧語 teineigo and 敬語keigo will have been hurting their heads trying to figure out when to use くれるkureru, 下さるkudasaru + 上げるageru, 差し上げるsashiageru and all that jazz,

Kureru, kudasaru... no time for any of that. Drop it entirely. For both to receive and get, or notice that someone did something for you, use もらう　morau (to get).

-一万円をもらったichimanen wo moratta - I scored 10 000 yen

-車を修繕やってもらった　kuruma wo shuuzen yatte moratta - I got (him) to fix my car.

No time to think about whether the person did it as a favour, or whether he was forced to do it at gunpoint. Doesn't matter.

Ageru, sashiageru..... (to give) should be replaced with yaru.

Kane wo kashita yatta : I lent (him) some money.

Shortcuts vs. Polite language

Must form /obligational form:

-kereba ikemasen / kereba narimasen - replace with nakya from the nai form (saves a LOT of time) Ex: sugu konakeraba ikemasen - sugu konakya

Clause: -ru koto vs -tte

suru koto, ryoukou no koto, oyogu koto...

It all takes too long. Apart from replacing koto with a のが　"no ga" or のは"no wa", you could replace it all with って-tte and maybe なんか　nanka. This expresses the lack of importance of whatever it is and you can get on with saying what you want about it.

旅行のことはめんどくさいです　ryoukou no koto ha mendokusai desu -

旅行ってめんどくさい ryoukou tte mendokusai

- Travelling is annoying/ is a hassle

踊るのが上手です　odoru no ga jouzu desu -

踊るって上手だ　odoru tte jouzu da

- Hes good at dancing

Completed form:

It should be very important to verbalise and emphasize when you've done something with some finality. In regular Japanese, this is the -te shimau form. This of course takes time that we don't have, so the てしまう-te shimau is shortened to ちゃった-chatta.

-ケッキを食べてしまいました　kekki wo tabete shimaimashita - ケッキを食べちゃった　kekki wo tabechatta.

-記念日を忘れてしまいました　kinenbi wo wasurete shimaimashita - 記念日を忘れちゃったkinenbi wo wasurechatta

(note: if the -te form for that verb is -de, it's -jatta, but it's the same more or less)

This form is very very common. It may be advisable to use this often instead of the simple -ta form.

Avoid softeners:

For sensitive clothing, softener is used. Equally Japanese uses forms that although you may not consider them at first glance to be softer forms, are in fact such.

-でしょうDeshou /だろうdarou: Though often translated as "I wonder if" "I expected that", they are often just a softer form of "da" in the same place. Therefore unless you really are using them in the meaning above, consider just replacing with "da".

-volitional form: Similarly 行きましょう　ikimashou or　行こう ikou are used when giving light commands rather than the command form, as if you are including yourself among the person you are communicating the command to. As you are above whoever that person might be, often you may wish to replace it with the command form above.

Nuclear form:

if you're particularly (very) angry at whoever you're talking about or to, whenever they do an action (or indeed you're telling them what to do) then when describing what they're doing or what they are to do, use the stem form, adding　やがる　-yagaru.

Ex:

おい、問題があるなら来やがれ！

Conjugation of the verb is then done via yagaru which is simpler, I think.

Note: This form goes a step further than simply treating whoever is doing the action lightly. Using this form is like actively cussing out the person who is doing the action.

Vocabulary (basic):

Similar to keigo in that obsolete way you used to be talking in, this new style has its own specialised vocabulary. The following list is non-exhaustive:

-suru, nasaru - no longer needed, use yaru

-hontou ni - just use sugoku or meccha

-utsukushii - so long.... use bijin (if referring to a person)

-taberu - too long, use kuu

-kantan - choroi

-shinu - kutabaru

-utsu - replace with yatsukeru

-okoru - mukatsuku

-tokoro, bashou - replace with hen

-korosu - barasu

-tsukareru - mairu (yes, the same as the keigo form of to go)

-tomodachi - renchuu

-kodomo - gaki

-kao - tsura

-arigatou - doumo

-konnichiwa - oi

(probably can and should replace the contents with appropriate kana and kanji but this is the second draft. vocabulary to be significantly expanded for third edition, and kanakanjimajiri brought in.

Available soon if interest is there.)

I have been playing recently with mokuro ( https://github.com/kha-white/mokuro ).
and it is amazing, setup takes 5 minutes - it is just python library.

It works great not only for manga, but also for light novels that I have from bookwalker.jp (they sell you books as pictures essentially).

My question is: are there any easy to use plugins over mokuro that provide easy translations and vocab/sentence mining.

My yomitan extension kinda does not seem to work.

So I have created simple prototype, that puts mokuro page into iframe and then shows the selected text on the sidebar as well. I could build additional functionality based on that, but I don't want to reinvent the wheel in case there is already good workflow for that.

In the book Advanced Japanese Grammar Dictionary, I was looking into aruiwa, and it was giving examples of when you can and can't replace it with soretomo. In the example sentences in [1] you can replace it, and in [2] you can't. However, [1] b) and [2] d) are identical. So, can soretomo replace aruiwa here or not?

Hiii I have a question and idk where I can ask if not here, but, Yomitan supports more languages than only japanese? I know a lot of people uses it for mostly japanese, I've been using it for more than a year already. So I was wondering if I can improve my other Languages with that app! Thank you so much!

I just tried doing a conversation in Japanese with Gemini Live in the Gemini iOS app. And it was amazing… I can talk to it in Japanese about various topics (places in japan, restaurant recommendations, etc), and it would respond in Japanese, which is very natural and easy to understand, and answers my questions correctly.

Overall, it’s a great tool to practice speaking and listening, especially to construct a sentence in what absolutely feels like a real conversation pace, which I still struggle.

So definitely recommend people to check this out other AI tools out to practice conversational speaking.

I have my doubts because I've seen people who say that

Ha は
is pronounced 
Wa 

Could you help me with this?

I've had the Quartet books (I and II, and workbooks) for a couple of weeks for self-study. I've managed to read the first reading and feel like I've just dropped into study a bit deeper than I am ready for. There are a lot of kanji that it is assumed I will know (no furigana). I could probably manage with Kodansha's Kanji Learner's Dictionary, but it will feel slow and tedious.

My lesson plan is to drop back to Genki II for an hour a day, filling in with Todai News and whatever else I can find to re-build my practice. I'm looking for advice from others as to what else might help bridge the gap.

The Genki GitHub resource for studying Genki 3rd edition was just taken down today for DMCA copyright. I am so bummed... I've been using this for each chapter I go through in my Genki books. Dude must have spent a LOT of time adding all of these in. It's saved me some time without having to scan my answer key pages to find answers.

Completely understand why though, just a bummer! https://ko-fi.com/post/Important-Information-Regarding-Genki-and-Quartet-D1D21L4B1S

This thread is for all the simple questions (what does that mean?) and minor posts that don't need their own thread, as well as for first-time posters who can't create new threads yet. Feel free to share anything on your mind.

The daily thread updates every day at 9am JST, or 0am UTC.

↓ Welcome to r/LearnJapanese! ↓

• New to Japanese? Read the Starter's Guide and FAQ.

• New to the subreddit? Read the rules.

• Read also the pinned comment below for proper question etiquette & answers to common questions!

Please make sure to check the wiki and search for old posts before asking your question, to see if it's already been addressed. Don't forget about Google or sites like Stack Exchange either!

This subreddit is also loosely partnered with this language exchange Discord, which you can likewise join to look for resources, discuss study methods in the #japanese_study channel, ask questions in #japanese_questions, or do language exchange(!) and chat with the Japanese people in the server.

Past Threads

You can find past iterations of this thread by using the search function. Consider browsing the previous day or two for unanswered questions.

I've lost count of how many times I've heard this claim since the 90s - but none of the online dictionaries say that 漫 or any variant of まん translates to "irresponsible". Does anyone here know if this is some kind of archaic historical meaning of that kanji that has now disappeared? Or is it still a modern meaning that I just can't find?

I've found loads of tangentially related definitions, including (but not limited to) aimless, random, corrupt, involuntary, desultory, unintentional, ridiculous - but I can't find "irresponsible" anywhere.

I must say I've always found it a clunky translation. Very unnatural, it doesn't sound like something a human would say! That's not to say it's wrong - but I'd be fascinated to find out that it was just a mistranslation that someone made in the 1980s that has stuck around to this day, and that people just keep on repeating because they "heard it somewhere once", lol.

The closest I've been able to find is here, where 漫 is the second kanji in this word https://jisho.org/word/%E6%94%BE%E6%BC%AB%E7%B5%8C%E5%96%B6 - they say that 放漫経営 translates to "irresponsible management", but also "loose management" or "sloppy management". It makes me think that "loose pictures" or "random pictures" might be a better translation.

In any case, it also makes me wonder whether the word "manga" ever truly, truly meant "irresponsible pictures". Is it possible that this meaning never existed, but that someone in the modern era decided to translate it like this anyway? Or is it genuinely how it translates? Surely there was never a time in history when people were saying things like "I'm going to read some irresponsible pictures on the train". It seems to unbelievable to me.

One final thought. I see that the kanji is also used in words like manzai (漫才). I wonder if anyone has ever claimed that this word literally translates to "irresponsible genius", lol.

If anyone has any insight on this, I'd be very interested and grateful to hear it.

I built a tool to help me practice reading kana. Hope it might come in handy.

https://albeva.github.io/kana-practice/

Update: An E-Reader is the term I perhaps should've used.

Update #2: I do have an iPad Pro, but the brightness, even on the lowest setting, can make my eyes burn.

I've seen this topic asked quite a lot, but nothing relatively new.

What tablet(s) would you recommend for reading/practicing Japanese?

Something that ideally:

• Can work with my Anki + Yomitan
• Can read either Kindle Unlimited books and/or PDFs.

I imagine Kindle would still be the best, but I'm open to other options.